| TRANSFORMATION OF PASSIVE DESIGN ELEMENTS FOR ACHIEVING THERMAL COMFORT IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF MANSEHRA CITY, PAKISTAN FROM 1990 TO 2019 |
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Muhammad Ashar Awan, Nazia Iftakhar & Omer Shujat Bhatti Article DOI: www.doi.org/10.53700/jrap3322023_2 ABSTRACT Among the most evolving issues in recent years, there is growing concern over global warming throughout the world. The construction industry has been considered among the major contributors to global warming. The use of building envelope along with the heating, cooling, and lighting design, operations, and infrastructures are the prime factors of this contribution. Due to this reason, the thermal comfort of buildings has become a major concern in building design globally. The following research explored the building design elements used for thermal comfort in residential buildings of Mansehra City of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan and analyzed its transformation during the last three decades. The study proceeded by documenting and comparing various design elements to understand their transformation within documented time periods i.e. thermal mass, fixed shading devices, and the ratio of open and closed spaces. These elements were evaluated for their effectiveness in providing thermal comfort. It was concluded that these design elements have been adapted and modified with time with little concern for sustainability. It was found that the focus has shifted from building orientation, sun path, and wind directions to aesthetically pleasing forms only which makes them saleable and lack human comfort. The use of passive means to achieve thermal comfort was neglected. The research concludes by suggesting incorporation of appropriate thermal comfort components and methods into effective solutions for improved building designs, lower energy demand, and a better indoor atmosphere. Keywords: Thermal Confort, Passive Design, Residential Building, Mansehra City, Global Warming | |||||
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Volume 33 Issue 2 ISSN (P) 1728-7715 - ISSN (E) 2519-5050 Issue DOI: www.doi.org/10.53700/jrap3322023 |
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